TỪ VỰNG + Ý TƯỞNG CHỦ ĐỀ OVERPOPULATION [Kèm hình vở]
PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
▪rapidly growing human populations: dân số tăng trưởng nhanh chóng
▪a population bomb = a population explosion: sự bùng nổ dân số
▪to increase at an alarming rate: tăng ở một mức độ đáng báo động
▪an increase in global birth rates: 1 sự tăng trong tỷ lệ sinh toàn cầu
▪to exceed the carrying capacity of the earth: vượt quá sức chứa của trái đất
▪to put an end to human survival: đặt dấu chấm hết cho sự tồn tại của con người
▪increased demands for water/ food/ fossil fuels/ natural resouces/…: nhu cầu tăng đối với nước/ thực phẩm/ nhiên liệu hóa thạch/ các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
▪to lead to the depletion of natural resources: dẫn tới sự cạn kiệt các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
▪to put heavy pressure on water/food supplies: đặt áp lực nặng nề lên nguồn cung cấp nước/ thực phẩm
▪to pose a serious threat to the well-being of planet Earth: gây ra mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng cho sức khỏe của trái đất
▪advances in science, technology, medicine, food production/ better medical services/ technological breakthroughs → a increase in life expectancy/ a decline in mortality rates: các tiến bộ trong khoa học, công nghệ, y tế, sản xuất thực phẩm/ dịch vụ y tế tốt hơn/ các đột phá trong lĩnh vực công nghệ → sự tăng trong tuổi thọ/ giảm tỷ lệ tỷ vong
▪to lead to environmental degradation/ air, water pollution/ soil contamination/ global warming/ deforestation/ desertification/ widespread famine/ conflicts and wars/ higher unemployment rates/ higher levels of crime/ other serious social problems: dẫn tới sự suy thoái môi trường/ ô nhiễm không khí, nước/ ô nhiễm đất/ nóng lên toàn cầu/ tàn phá rừng/ hoang mạc hóa/ đói nghèo trên diện rộng/ mâu thuẫn và chiến tranh/ tỷ lệ thất nghiệp cao hơn/ mức độ tội phạm cao hơn/ các vấn đề xã hội khác
▪population control methods: các phương pháp kiểm soát dân số
family planning/ limit family sizes: kế hoạch hóa gia đình/ giới hạn kích cỡ gia đình
▪to raise public awareness of … : nâng cao ý thức cộng đồng về …
▪to provide sex education in schools: cung cấp giáo dục giới tính trong các trường học
PHẦN Ý TƯỞNG --> Page mình xem tại đây nhé: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-overpopulation/
Chúc page mình học tốt <3
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同時也有32部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過5,140的網紅Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音,也在其Youtube影片中提到,We don’t all have to be sustainability consultants in order to save the environment. You can keep doing what you’re good at - and apply your skills to...
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environmental science 在 IELTS Nguyễn Huyền Facebook 的最佳貼文
Ý TƯỞNG & TỪ VỰNG IELTS - OVERPOPULATION
PHẦN TỪ VỰNG CHUNG
- rapidly growing human populations: dân số tăng trưởng nhanh chóng
- a population bomb = a population explosion: sự bùng nổ dân số
- to increase at an alarming rate: tăng ở một mức độ đáng báo động
- an increase in global birth rates: 1 sự tăng trong tỷ lệ sinh toàn cầu
- to exceed the carrying capacity of the earth: vượt quá sức chứa của trái đất
- to put an end to human survival: đặt dấu chấm hết cho sự tồn tại của con người
- increased demands for water/ food/ fossil fuels/ natural resouces/…: nhu cầu tăng đối với nước/ thực phẩm/ nhiên liệu hóa thạch/ các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
- to lead to the depletion of natural resources: dẫn tới sự cạn kiệt các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
- to put heavy pressure on water/food supplies: đặt áp lực nặng nề lên nguồn cung cấp nước/ thực phẩm
- to pose a serious threat to the well-being of planet Earth: gây ra mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng cho sức khỏe của trái đất
- advances in science, technology, medicine, food production/ better medical services/ technological breakthroughs → a increase in life expectancy/ a decline in mortality rates: các tiến bộ trong khoa học, công nghệ, y tế, sản xuất thực phẩm/ dịch vụ y tế tốt hơn/ các đột phá trong lĩnh vực công nghệ → sự tăng trong tuổi thọ/ giảm tỷ lệ tỷ vong
- to lead to environmental degradation/ air, water pollution/ soil contamination/ global warming/ deforestation/ desertification/ widespread famine/ conflicts and wars/ higher unemployment rates/ higher levels of crime/ other serious social problems: dẫn tới sự suy thoái môi trường/ ô nhiễm không khí, nước/ ô nhiễm đất/ nóng lên toàn cầu/ tàn phá rừng/ hoang mạc hóa/ đói nghèo trên diện rộng/ mâu thuẫn và chiến tranh/ tỷ lệ thất nghiệp cao hơn/ mức độ tội phạm cao hơn/ các vấn đề xã hội khác
- population control methods: các phương pháp kiểm soát dân số
- family planning/ limit family sizes: kế hoạch hóa gia đình/ giới hạn kích cỡ gia đình
- to raise public awareness of … : nâng cao ý thức cộng đồng về …
- to provide sex education in schools: cung cấp giáo dục giới tính trong các trường học
PHẦN Ý TƯỞNG: page mình xem tại đây nhé: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-overpopulation/
#ieltsnguyenhuyen
environmental science 在 家醫/職醫_陳崇賢醫師 Facebook 的精選貼文
【家庭醫學】~ 運動時戴口罩會不會有影響?
微解封首週,相信很多人已經迫不及待出門走走了;你會不會覺得騎車、跑步、爬山時,戴個口罩很難呼吸?一下子就累了呢?
其實這個問題在我家也有出現,和家人去走走小步道,太太覺得戴口罩好難呼吸,需要休息比較多次;我則覺得爬山沒什麼影響,反而是去河濱追著小朋友的腳踏車跑步時,會比平常容易累。
一些朋友戴著口罩外騎,也覺得瓦數做不出來,變得比平常弱,所以好奇來看看有沒有文章來討論,整理後分享給大家。
--------- 開始看一些文章囉 ----------------------
1. 第一篇是討論戴布口罩和外科口罩,在劇烈運動時的表現
Shaw, Keely, et al. "Wearing of cloth or disposable surgical face masks has no effect on vigorous exercise performance in healthy individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17.21 (2020): 8110.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218110
實驗找了14位 (7男、7女;年齡 30.3 ± 10.9 歲),平常有規律運動習慣的人,分別進行三次測驗 (不戴口罩、戴布口罩、戴外科口罩)。
測驗內容為使用「自行車測力計」(就是可以調阻力測功率的飛輪車),自行決定起始的功率 (35W-100W),並以每2分鐘增加35W,向上增加,直到力竭。測驗期間去測量動脈氧飽和度、組織氧合指數、主觀的勞累程度及心率。
最後結果如下:
最大功率:(各組間沒有差異)
沒有口罩 234 ± 56 W
外科口罩 241 ± 57 W
戴布口罩 241 ± 51 W
力竭時間:(各組間沒有差異)
不戴口罩 622±141秒
外科口罩 657±158秒
戴布口罩 637±153秒
也沒有因為戴口罩就產生缺氧的情況出現。
※ 阿賢小結:看起來一切都很美好,戴了口罩好像不會對運動有什麼影響耶?
2. 所以我們就來找找看如果用N95,會不會造成運動表現下降吧
Epstein, Danny, et al. "Return to training in the COVID‐19 era: the physiological effects of face masks during exercise." Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 31.1 (2021): 70-75.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13832
這次找了16個男性 (年齡 34 ± 4 歲),平常也有規律的中高強度運動習慣,分別進行三次測驗 (不戴口罩、戴外科口罩、戴鴨嘴式N95口罩)。
一樣是使用自行車測力計,從25W開始,每3分鐘增加25W,直到力竭;期間測量心率 (HR)、氧飽和度 (SPO2 )、呼吸頻率 (RR) 、呼氣末二氧化碳濃度 (EtCO 2 )及主觀疲勞程度量表。血壓則在開始及結束時測量。
結果如下:
心率、呼吸頻率、血壓、氧飽和度和力竭時間沒有顯著差異。
(力竭時間:不戴口罩為 18.9 ± 3.7 分鐘,戴外科口罩為 18.3 ± 3.7 分鐘,戴 N95 為 18.5 ± 3.6 分鐘。)
但在較高強度的運動時,呼氣的二氧化碳濃度則有明顯不同 (N95>外科>不戴口罩)。
※ 阿賢小結:看起來運動的表現還是沒什麼變化耶?只是這個實驗多測了一個呼氣末的二氧化碳濃度,能不能做為解釋我們覺得戴著口罩比較喘的原因呢?
而且要注意的是,在2011年的研究發現,使用 N95 口罩會導致吸氣和呼氣流動阻力的平均增加分別為 126% 和 122%,氣體交換率也下降了37%。另外,口罩隔開的空間,會造成重新吸入二氧化碳含量高的空氣,如果時間拉長,會不會有更大的影響,都在這個實驗中得不到答案。
Lee, Heow Pueh, and De Yun Wang. "Objective assessment of increase in breathing resistance of N95 respirators on human subjects." Annals of occupational hygiene 55.8 (2011): 917-921.
3. 前面都踩腳踏車,有沒有跑步機的實驗呢?
Driver, Simon, et al. "Effects of wearing a cloth face mask on performance, physiological and perceptual responses during a graded treadmill running exercise test." British journal of sports medicine (2021).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103758
這次找了31名成人(年齡 :23.2±3.1 歲;14女、17男),分別不戴口罩和戴布口罩,在跑步機上進行最大攝氧量測試。
結果戴布口罩,明顯減少運動時間 (-01:39±01:19 min/sec, p<0.001)、最大耗氧量 (VO 2 max) (-818±552 mL/min , p<0.001)、分鐘通氣量 (-45.2±20.3 L/min)、最大心率 (-8.4±17.0 每分鐘跳動, p<0.01) 和呼吸困難增加 (1.7±2.9, p<0.001)。
簡單來就是差很大!運動時間減少 14%,VO2max減少 29%。
※ 題外話,還有研究在討論戴口罩會影響溫度調節
日常工作活動中,佩戴外科口罩和 N95, 30 分鐘後,鼓膜溫度(耳溫) 分別升高 0.07 和 0.03°C
Roberge, Raymond J., Jung-Hyun Kim, and Aitor Coca. "Protective facemask impact on human thermoregulation: an overview." Annals of occupational hygiene 56.1 (2012): 102-112.
〖結語〗
好啦,看到大家頭都暈了,究竟這些研究能不能到現實生活中使用呢?其實會有一些問題存在。
第一就是研究的對象多為年輕人,40-50歲甚至以上的族群不確定戴著口罩運動有沒有什麼影響,而且也沒有合併慢性病的資料,例如:三高。
第二就是上面研究的測試都是高強度的,有點像自行車的FTP test,以及最大攝氧量測試,相對運動的時間都短,如果像爬山一爬就是半天一天的,或是自行車一騎就是3-4個小時,不知道上面提及的呼氣末的二氧化碳濃度會不會升到對身體有害的程度。
最後就是這些實驗,都沒有考慮到口罩可能因為長時間使用後,汗水浸溼而影響呼吸的狀況。
我自己的建議如下:
1. 循序漸進:從強度較低的運動開始嘗試,例如:散步、慢慢騎車;再慢慢拉長時間,如果身體沒有不適,再提高強度和拉長時間。另外,活動中在開放附近沒人的情況下飲水或飲食時,也可以趁機換氣,把累積的二氧化碳吐掉。
2. 有備無患:運動時,多帶幾個備用口罩用防水夾鏈袋收好,如果真的口罩太溼,影響到呼吸或換氣效率,至少還有可用的口罩。
3. 接種疫苗:真的想在戶外無罩趴趴走,還是需要疫苗接種率先拉上來,就像之前提過的,打完疫苗至少可以大幅下降重症機率;即便感染之後,也比較有機會可以重回戶外。
environmental science 在 Ghost Island Media 鬼島之音 Youtube 的最讚貼文
We don’t all have to be sustainability consultants in order to save the environment. You can keep doing what you’re good at - and apply your skills to environmental problems. That’s how Isabel stepped into circular design.
Isabel Aagaard is an entrepreneur and product designer. She founded LastObject two years ago in Copenhagen, Denmark, with a mission to eliminate single-use items by creating their reusable alternatives. Her very first product raised 1.2M USD on Kickstarter.
Today, Nature N8 chats with Isabel about how companies measure sustainability, her own successful business model, and toilet paper.
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environmental science 在 志祺七七 X 圖文不符 Youtube 的最讚貼文
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00:00 前導
01:17「動態特效網站課程募資 」廣告段落
02:17 什麼是植物奶?
03:21 植物奶風潮
04:48 植物奶的爭議-Oatly
06:23 植物奶真的環保嗎?
07:45 植物奶更健康?
09:16 我們的觀點
10:19 提問
10:37 結尾
【 製作團隊 】
|企劃:蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
|腳本:蛋糕說話時屑屑請閉嘴
|編輯:土龍
|剪輯後製:絲繡
|剪輯助理:歆雅/珊珊
|演出:志祺
——
【 本集參考資料 】
→Almonds are out. Dairy is a disaster. So what milk should we drink?:https://bit.ly/3gCEyhZ
→星巴克、Blue Bottle 都使用!解決乳糖不耐症又環保,全球爆紅的「燕麥奶」到底是什麼?:https://bit.ly/3xr0F1J
→Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), 987-992.
→植物奶是怎麼做的?手工與包裝產品有何不同?:https://bit.ly/3pUogVP
→Plant Milk Market Revenue to Hit $21 Billion by 2026, Says Global Market Insights, Inc.:https://prn.to/3zsbHW7
→植物奶是奶類嗎?豆奶、燕麥奶、椰奶、杏仁奶是屬於哪一類?喝杏仁奶可以豐胸?:https://bit.ly/3vyPd2N
→Which Plant-Based Milk Is Best for the Environment?:https://bit.ly/3pSAhuZ
→衛生福利部 國民健康署:https://bit.ly/3wubbFo
→The 9 Best Nondairy Substitutes for Milk:https://bit.ly/2TXvQTE
→White gold: the unstoppable rise of alternative milks:https://bit.ly/3cJf8Op
→Crying over plant-based milk: neither science nor history favours a dairy monopoly:https://bit.ly/2SqZdh1
→Vegan ‘dairy’ products face EU ban from using milk cartons and yoghurt pots – and UK could be next:https://bit.ly/3gkHb97
→Plant-based food industry fights EU proposal to ban dairy comparisons:https://reut.rs/3wrTEh1
→Which ‘milk’ is best for the environment? We compared dairy, nut, soy, hemp and grain milks:https://bit.ly/3xr0RxZ
→Hey, Where’s My Oat Milk?:https://bit.ly/3cJK4y3
→Activists sour on Oatly vegan milk after stake sold to Trump-linked Blackstone:https://bit.ly/3gmN2uA
→燕麥奶 Oatly 接受黑石的投資,錯了嗎?:https://bit.ly/3vpljhc
→不只人造肉!燕麥奶夯遭瘋搶,黑石等砸 2 億美元入股:https://bit.ly/2UaPewR
→迎接大股東後反遭抵制?知名燕麥奶品牌「Oatly」環保形象因2億美元而「黑」了!:https://bit.ly/3gp0jTn
→喝牛奶會不會導致過敏體質與癌症?:https://bit.ly/3gphuEt
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environmental science 在 Chris Lewis Youtube 的最佳貼文
?? Greetings from Hanoi. Environmental protection and awareness has always been very near and dear to my heart. It's at the core of who I am. I come from a family that loves science and the environment - tree huggers, loud and proud. And my appreciation for things such as clean food, water, and air has dramatically increased since moving to Vietnam.
Don't get me wrong - I love Vietnam. I love the society, the convenience of being able to call Grab food, the motorbikes... but the fact of the matter is Vietnam is going through a developmental stage. And as such, Vietnam is fighting a battle with environmental pollution, just as every country has to do.
We will run out of oil and gas very soon - within out lifetimes. As such, we need to begin to look to the future, and find other means of renewable energy, especially for transportation. While countries like America and Japan already have the infrastructure in place, Vietnam is still quite a ways off.
I was lucky enough to have the chance to try out an electric motorbike from my buddy Kin. As such I wanted to make a video discussing Vietnam, its transportation, and the future of it. What will happen? What are the solutions? Hope you enjoy the video.
Subtitles made and translated by the awesome Loan. Check out her drawings on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lucielittlethings/
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Updates from the road:
► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chrismixlewis/
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#Vietnam
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